Peripheral Arterial Disease

Overview

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) occurs when arteries become narrowed, reducing blood flow to the limbs, most commonly the legs. This reduced circulation is usually caused by plaque buildup (atherosclerosis) and can lead to discomfort, mobility issues, and, if untreated, serious complications such as infections or even limb loss.

Causes

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) typically develops due to reduced blood flow caused by:

• Atherosclerosis: The buildup of fatty deposits (plaque) in the artery walls.
• Smoking: A major risk factor that damages the blood vessels and accelerates plaque buildup.
• Diabetes: High blood sugar can harm blood vessels over time.
• High Blood Pressure: Causes strain and damage to artery walls.
• High Cholesterol: Contributes to plaque formation and artery narrowing.

Other contributing risk factors include obesity, aging, sedentary lifestyle, and a family history of cardiovascular disease.

Symptoms

PAD symptoms can range in severity, and early stages may go unnoticed. Common signs include:

• Leg pain or cramping during walking (claudication), which improves with rest.
• Coldness or numbness in the lower extremities.
• Non-healing sores or ulcers on the legs, feet, or toes.
• Skin changes, such as shiny skin, loss of leg hair, or discolored toenails.
• Weak or absent pulse in the legs or feet.

If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing PAD typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation and diagnostic testing. At Cardiology Care NYC, we use the most advanced techniques to ensure accurate assessments:

• Medical History & Physical Exam: We’ll discuss your symptoms and risk factors, and check for signs like weak pulses in the legs.
• Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI): A simple, non-invasive test comparing blood pressure in your arms and ankles to evaluate blood flow.
• Doppler & Vascular Ultrasound: Real-time imaging that helps assess circulation and locate blockages.
• Angiography: A detailed imaging technique using contrast dye to highlight narrowed or blocked arteries.

These services are available in-clinic to streamline your diagnostic journey and ensure timely care.

Treatment

Cardiology Care NYC specializes in both medical and interventional treatments for PAD, tailored to your unique health profile.

Lifestyle Changes & Medications:

• Smoking cessation: Programs to help eliminate one of the primary PAD risk factors.
• Healthy eating & exercise guidance: Custom plans to manage cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood sugar.
• Medications: Including blood thinners, statins, and drugs like cilostazol or pentoxifylline to reduce leg discomfort and improve walking ability.

Minimally Invasive Procedures:

• Angioplasty & Stenting: A catheter-based technique to open blocked arteries with a balloon and place a stent to keep them open.
• Atherectomy: A plaque-removal procedure using a rotating device or laser.

These treatments are performed using state-of-the-art equipment by our experienced vascular specialists.

When To See A Doctor

If you notice persistent leg pain, numbness, or non-healing sores, don’t wait to seek medical help. Early diagnosis and treatment of PAD can prevent severe complications like infections, ulcers, and even limb amputation. At Cardiology Care NYC, our team of board-certified specialists offers:

• Vascular Ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound testing
• Heart Health Screening
• Blood Pressure Screening & Management
• Minimally Invasive Vascular Procedures

We are committed to providing prompt, personalized care to restore your mobility and protect your long-term health.